Helminthiasis – one of the most common disorders among children and adults. In the human body can be different types of worms. There is a belief, far from medicine, to which helminths affect only the digestive system, in fact, the worms can parasitize virtually all internal organs – liver, lungs, heart and brain of the head, but also in the muscle tissue, the subcutaneous tissue and in the eye. In the article, it says that the worms are the person.
Classification
There are a large number of worms that can affect humans, these are the most common of them. Most of the worms that belongs to one of 3 groups – flukes, cestody or nematodes.
Flukes is a class of parasitic worms of flat-shaped, there are about 40 species of worms that affect humans. The most common:
- cat or siberian fluke (causes opisthorchiasis);
- shistosoma (cause schistosomiasis).
Cestody is a band of flat worms. The representatives cestodes lack digestive system. Often the person's affect:
- the bull the tapeworm (because beef tapeworm infection);
- pork tapeworm (cause of cysticercosis);
- echinococcus cause hydatid disease).
Nematode nematodes primary cavitali. Common helminth that affects a person:
- ossiuri;
- roundworms;
- trichuris trichuris.
Worms in humans — symptoms from the photos (the majority of helminths affects the GASTROINTESTINAL tract, from nausea and vomiting, diarrhea or constipation, intestinal obstruction, unjustified weight loss, lack of appetite or excessive hunger):
Cat or siberian fluke
Cat or siberian fluke – small parasite lanceolate shape of the groups of flukes. The causative agent of the disease opisthorchiasis. Length for cats plaice reaches 8-18 mm, width of 1.2-2 mm. the Parasite develops in the bodies of two masters — intermediate and final. Intermediate host – crustacean and fish cyprinids, final – man.
Together with the faeces of infected people and animals, and the eggs fall into fresh water, swallow them the clams. In the body of the snail, the eggs reach the spreading stage – cercaria, cercaria leave the mollusc and are introduced into the body of the carp fish, or falling into their bodies to eat the fish and shellfish. In the body of the fish parasite grows up to meta cercaria, is found in the arachnoid, its size reaches 0,17-0,21 mm.
Eating infected fish is infected in the human body meta cercariae leave the cysts, of the stomach and intestines pass through the liver and bile ducts. In these organs remain parasitic, and after 10-12 days to reach the Mature stage, they begin to lay their eggs. In the human body for cats plaice can parasitize up to 10-20 years.
Shistosoma
Shistosoma – the flukes. This dish is dioecious helminths, length reaches 4-20 mm in width – 0.25 mm. Body shistosoma with 2 suckers – oral and abdominal, are a short distance from one another. Females shistosoma longer and thinner than males. On the body of a male with a longitudinal groove, with his help, he retains the female. Their eggs of 0.1 mm in diameter, oval in shape, on the surface of one of the poles is a great peak.
Human worms shistosoma in the role of guest and host end choosing the people, in their bodies are parasites in the small veins of the colon, abdominal cavity, uterus, bladder. The worms feed on blood in part to absorb the nutrients through the cuticle. The eggs shistosoma transported in the intestine and bladder, where the accrued and stretch towards the outside with the feces or urine. Fresh water and the water from the egg comes a larva, the intermediate master of the house – clams. In the body of the mollusk meta cercariae develop until cercariae for 4-8 weeks.
Toro tapeworm
Toro tapeworm – tape parasite that causes the disease, beef tapeworm infection. This is a huge helminths, which can grow up to 3 to 12 metres in length. On the body of the parasite is a small head of a diameter up to 3 mm, the neck, and about 1000 segments. Once entered in the body of a person together with non-thermally treated, the infected meat sample, it sticks to the walls of the intestine with the help of 4 suction cups.
In the hermaphrodite, the segments are deposited the eggs of helminths, every year a species lays up to 600 million eggs. Similar helminths in the human parasite in the intestine by 20 years and more, if there is no timely treatment.
Pork tapeworm
Pork tapeworm, as a bull, the body is equipped with 4 suction cups, but in addition to this, the body of the elminto equipped with still-and double-whip nails. Reaches two to three meters in length. The pork tapeworm, three-lobed ovary, with each side of the uterus has 7 to 12 leads. The characteristic of this elminto – ability of segments to crawl out from the anal hole. After the release of their shell becomes dry and breaks down, so also in the external environment fall, the eggs of helminths. Intermediate host of the tapeworm can be of the pig and the human.
The main owner – the person. Intestinal parasites in humans include pork tapeworms, helminths found in the gut of the patient, where it lays eggs. The infection occurs when using the rampant flesh.
Echinococcus
The causative agent echinococcosis length reaches 3-5 mm. Consists of a head, in which are four suckers and two crowns on the nails, and three to four segments. The last of the segments has developed sexual system. Intermediate host – cattle, man, the final master – dogs, wolves. The infection occurs in the oral route.
Echinococcus enters the intestines, where it from the eggs emerge the larvae. With the help of nails and the larvae penetrate the system of the vena porta, where, together with the blood transported to the liver, lungs, muscle tissue.
Ossiuri
Ossiuri – nematodes, pathogens, enterobiasis, the so-called disease of dirty hands. To a greater extent infestations ossiuri are the children. The infection occurs in the oral and contacts-home through. It is possible to detect these worms in the stool.
Females of a helminth type ossiuri length reaches 5-10 mm, males – 3 mm. The shape of the body is not ossiuri fusiform milky white in color. The end of the female body, slightly pointed. The adult worms are parasites in the lower regions, thin and large intestine, human, that secure it to the wall with the help of a headache the vesicles. To spawn, females ossiuri pass into the rectum, they come out and lay eggs in the anal area, then they die. Pending the eggs become invasive already after 4-6 hours. The duration of life in ossiuri – one – two months.
Worm
Worm – still, some representatives of the class nematode parasites, pathogens ascariasis. This helminth yellow and pink, they have elongated spindle-shaped dioica. The female ascaris are growing up to 20-40 cm, the males can reach a length of 15-25 cm. Every day, the adult female worm lays more than 200 thousands of eggs, which, together with the stool of a person are distinguished in the external environment, where, through 12-14 days become invasive.
In the human body are parasites in the gastrointestinal tract, localized mainly in the small intestine. A complete cycle of development of the invasive eggs until Mature phase lasts about 3 months.
Trichuris trichuris
Trichuris trichuris – round helminths, cause trihozefalez. Helminths represent a thin brown nematodes with thin, threadlike part of the front and the rear end is rounded. Females lander module grow up to 3.5-5.5 cm, and the males up to 3-4,5 cm. The larvae of the worms humans are located in the blind intestine, where and parassitano the first stage of puberty, where they lay eggs. When massive infestations by helminths may also occupy the large intestine, including the rectum.
Every day the females lander module lay to 3,5 thousands of eggs. Eggs of helminths have a barrel shape, covered with a thick brown shell, the poles are colorless "operculum". The eggs fall into the ground together with faeces the main guest, in the presence of favorable conditions can save invasive properties of up to two years. The length of the parasitism in the human intestine – 5-7 years.